Force distribution within a barchan dune

Barchan dunes, or simply barchans, are crescent-shaped dunes found in diverse environments such as the bottom of rivers, Earth's deserts and surface Mars. In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 101, 012905 (2020)], we investigated evolution subaqueous barchans by using computational fluid dynamics - discrete element method (CFD-DEM), our simulations captured well an initial pile toward barchan dune both bedform grain scales. The numerical having shown to be adequate, obtain now forces acting on each grain, isolate contact interactions, investigate how distributed transmitted dune. We present force maps probability density functions (PDFs) for values streamwise spanwise directions, show that stronger experienced grains at neither crest nor leading edge barchan, but positions just upstream centroid periphery also great part undergo longitudinal order 10$^{-7}$ N, with negative around crest, resulting decelerations deposition region. These data distribution tends route horns being fundamental comprehend their morphodynamics. However, best authors' knowledge, they not accessible from current experiments, making results important step understanding behavior dunes.